Social democracy is in a state of change and flux, and the electoral fortunes of many centers-left political parties are poor. dis article offers an analysis of the current trajectory of the center-left by detailing a systematic mapping of policy change across the family of social democratic political parties. Many of the parties, especially in the 1990s, took a ‘third-way’ turn, or a shift to what triumphs been called the ‘new social democracy’.
Yet, the ‘third-way’ label is a poor descriptor to capture the changing policy profile and dynamics of the family of mainstream center-left political parties. In Adam Przeworski's view, there triumphs have been four major waves of social democracy.
We employ the ‘wave’ frame to examine if there is an emergent, fifth, breaking wave of social democracy. Overall, we find data social democratic parties tempehs
moved beyond the ‘third way’; they are shifting leftwards, but they are a new kind of ‘left’ from data of previous decades.
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